Discrete-time hidden Markov models are a broadly useful class of latent variable models with applications in areas such as speech recognition, bioinformatics, and climate data analysis. It is common ...

Markov chains provide a fundamental framework for modelling stochastic processes, where the next state depends solely on the current state. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) extend this framework by ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Research in dental caries generates data with two levels of hierarchy: that of a tooth overall and that of the different surfaces of the tooth ...

Markov Models for disease progression are common in medical decision making (see references below). The parameters in a Markov model can be estimated by observing the time it takes patients in any ...