Flowchart of Evolutionary Computation, which includes initialization, fitness evaluation (FE), solution evolution with evolution operators, and selection. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not ...

Evolutionary computation comprises a family of metaheuristic algorithms inspired by the principles of natural evolution – reproduction, mutation, recombination, and selection – which are utilised to ...

Expensive optimization problem (EOP) refers to the problem that requires expensive or even unaffordable costs to evaluate candidate solutions, which widely exist in many significant real-world ...