Atoms are very small. They have a radius of around 1 × 10 10 metres. This symbol shows that chlorine has 35 particles in the nucleus (protons and neutrons), 17 of which are protons. It also tells us ...

The building blocks of matter that have been experimentally verified are the quarks and leptons described by the Standard Model. Since the discovery of the electron in 1897, physicists have identified ...

No one really knows what happens inside an atom. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. No one really knows what happens inside an atom.

The Standard Model (SM) was developed in the late 1960s to answer the questions "What is the world made of? What holds the universe together?" It provides an elegant theoretical framework to study ...

In a paper in Nature, the ALICE Collaboration 1 reports that data from high-energy collisions between protons can be used to investigate the little-understood nuclear forces between protons and ...

Things happen fast in the earliest stages of the Universe. In the first 25 microseconds after the start of the hot Big Bang, a number of incredible events have already occurred. The Universe created ...

A new study suggests that the positively charged particles may have an outsize influence on the properties of neutron stars and other neutron-rich objects. Neutron stars are the smallest, densest ...

The emission of beta radiation provides evidence that neutrons and protons are made up of quarks. Beta (\(\beta^-\)) decay is the release of an electron by the change of a neutron to a proton. The ...

Protons, among the building blocks of atoms, are even smaller than we thought—and the unexpected discovery may alter some of the most trusted laws of physics. All atoms are made up of nuclei orbited ...