How to use unfiltered PWM to drive high power loads. How to properly set the PWM duty cycle for high power loads. How to drive an incandescent lamp using PWM. Sometimes it’s necessary to drive a ...

This circuit drives a resistive heater element with a low-frequency, pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage source, providing heat output that's directly and linearly proportional to the duty cycle of ...

Many loads are mainly resistive; thus, they’re rated in watts (i.e., true power). Simply stated, these loads have a very small reactive component, which means an apparent power rating (VA) would not ...

Editor’s note: In Part 1 of this article the author discusses models and topologies. Part 2 will discuss interesting cases and examples. In some power-control applications, it is desirable to do the ...