Backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) have emerged as a pivotal mathematical tool in the analysis of complex systems across finance, physics and engineering. Their formulation, generally ...

In this paper, we study the 2D stochastic quasi-geostrophic equation on 𝕋2 for general parameter α ∈ (0, 1) and multiplicative noise. We prove the existence of weak solutions and Markov selections ...

A formula for the transition density of a Markov process defined by an infinite-dimensional stochastic equation is given in terms of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck bridge and a useful lower estimate on the ...

The number N of detectable (i.e. communicating) extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy is usually done by using the Drake equation. This equation was established in 1961 by Frank Drake ...