Editor’s note: Most modern designs have been using voltage mode elements like op-amps for implementation of various electronic circuits. These elements are used widely due to their small sizes and ...

Current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs) provide a versatile platform for signal processing in contemporary integrated circuits. By converting differential input currents into ...

We submerge somewhat deeper into analysis of the seemingly simple TL431 voltage reference with transconductance amplifier to find that some useful design parameters are missing from the manufacturer ...