Ejection fraction (EF) measures how well the heart pumps blood. A normal EF is 55% to 70%, meaning the heart pumps out at least half of the blood in its left ventricle with each beat. An EF below 50% ...

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure that affects the left side of the heart. It occurs when the lower left chamber of the heart, called the left ventricle ...

The therapeutic efficacy of the cardiac glycoside digitoxin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction is not established. In this international, double-blind, placebo-controlled ...