Closed-loop control systems are sometimes shipped from the factory with resonances and other operational difficulties that aren't supposed to be part of the package and are not well understood.

Since the inception of electronic communications, frequency response has been the common measurement unit for most instruments. Even after the introduction of the feedback amplifier, frequency ...

What do engineers “see” when they look at a real systemor conceive a new design? They will look pastthe hardware and visualize the flow of energy, whereit is stored, and where it is dissipated. They ...